Stevens - Johnson syndrome: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

The problem today is that there are more illnesses than cures. Of course, the scientific community is working overtime with a view to eradicating disease completely. Stevens - Johnson syndrome is defined as a very unusual and severe disorder where the mucous membranes in the skin have an adverse reaction to medication, infection or ultra violet rays. The initial symptoms are very flu- like with a spread of blisters on the body or a general rash that is purplish in color, causing the outer layer of the skin to shed extremely fast. In addition to this there is acute swelling of the face and tongue, pain on the skin and constant shedding, blisters all over the mouth and body, loss of appetite, and a feeling of unrest. Prior to the condition taking root, a patient can experience burning in the eyes, a sore throat accompanied by a cough and raging fever. It is important to contact a doctor if one experiences any of the above symptoms (skin pain, swelling of the face and tongue, blisters on the body and in the mouth, shedding of the skin, hives etc.). This usually arises because of medication, infectious illnesses like herpes, HIV, diphtheria, typhoid, hepatitis etc. Since the syndrome is extremely rare and rather unpredictable there is no test at the moment to predict the risk factors. However, there are some factors that may increase the risk, such as preexisting medical conditions like a viral infection, lupus, HIV and a genetic factor with the gene HLA-B12 that may make a person susceptible.

Treatment and Care

One can have complications with the illness like permanent skin damage, eye problems, sepsis and damage to the internal organs. To diagnose the condition, the doctor will ascertain the cause through medical history, list of drugs taken and a physical exam, along with a skin biopsy. The first course of treatment is to stop all nonessential medications that may have brought on the onslaught of the illness. At the moment there is no concrete cure but under medical supervision fluid intake, care of wounds and eye care is carried out with precision and detail. Pain medication is administered to reduce discomfort and antihistamines may be required to relieve any itching, along with antibiotics to control the mass spread of the infection. If need be, topical steroids can be taken to stop or reduce inflammation in the skin. Hydrotherapy is also considered to help ease the wounds and remove any of the dead tissue from the skin. If there is no relief or healing, surgery may be required using a skin graft. Living with the illness can have a negative effect on the mindset of the individual and can also lead to a state of constant depression. During this period of time, it is advisable to speak with a counselor to help ease the pain, suffering and mental trauma. The point to note, especially if one has a weak immune system, is to ensure that it improves and this is possible with a proper diet, exercise, adequate sunlight and a positive attitude.

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