Flight School

Flight School is the training ground where aspirants for a flying career are instructed and trained to become pilots. Training in a flight school consists of a combination of flight lessons given in the aircraft or simulator and Ground school where theory is learned in preparation for the written examinations. Although there are various types of Aircraft many of the principles of piloting them have common techniques. The oldest flight school still in existence is the Royal Air Force’s Central Flying School formed in May 1912 at Upavon, United Kingdom. The oldest civil Flight School still active in the world is based in Germany at the Wasserkuppe.

Pilots can be rated in these aircraft categories

Airplane Rotorcraft Glider Lighter than air Powered Lift Powered Parachute Weight Shift Control

Most aircraft categories are further broken down into classes. If a category is so divided a pilot must hold a class rating to operate an aircraft in that class. The Airplane category is divided into Single Engine Land ( ASEL) and multi-engine sea classes ( AMES). The Rotorcraft category is divided into helicopter and gyroplane classes

The Lighter-than-air category is divided airship and balloon classes The Powered Parachute category is divided into powered parachute land and powered parachute sea The weight-shift-control category is divided into weight-shift-control land and weight-shift-control-sea

A student pilot certificate does not list category or class ratings but is instead endorsed by a flight instructor to confer privileges in specific makes and models of aircraft. A type rating is required in a specific make and model of aircraft if the aircraft weighs more than 12,500 lb (5700 Kg) at takeoff or is powered by one or more turbojet engines. The Boeing 747, Beechcraft Super King Air 350, and the Hawker Hunter are examples of aircraft that require type ratings.

To legally operate under instrument flight rules (IFR), a pilot can separately add an instrument rating to a private or commercial certificate. An airline transport pilot implicitly holds an instrument rating does not appear on an ATP certificate. The FAA issues instrument ratings separately for airplane and powered lift categories and the helicopter class. Glider and airship pilots may also operate under Instrument Flight Rules under certain circumstances. An individual may hold only one pilot certificate at one type; that certificate may authorize multiple privilege levels distinguished by aircraft category, class or type. For example, an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate holder may be permitted to exercise ATP privileges when flying multi-engine land airplanes, but only Commercial Pilot privileges when flying single engine land airplanes and gliders. Similarly a Commercial Pilot holder with a glider rating may have only Private Pilot privileges for single-engine land airplanes.

The FAA may impose limitations on a pilot certificate if during the training or the practical test, the pilot does not demonstrate all skills necessary to exercise all privileges of a privilege level, category, class or type rating. For example, a holder of a DC-3 type rating who does not demonstrate instrument flying skills during the practical test would be assigned a limitation reading “DC-3 (VFR Only)”. To obtain a certificate or add a rating, a pilot usually has to undergo a course of training with a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) under 14CFR61 or enroll at an approved course at a 14CFR141 approved flight school. The applicant must accumulate and log specific aeronautical experience and pass a three-part examination: a knowledge test ( a computerized multiple-choice test, typically called the “written test”), an oral test, and a practical test carried out by either an FAA inspector or a Designated Pilot Examiner.

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