Septic System Resource Guide - Basic Understanding of Septic Systems
Most of us have heard the horror stories of homes that have a failing septic system (smelly, soggy yard, puddled septic water). But, homeowner education can eliminate the majority of fears associated with living in a home with a septic tank system. The reason for most failures is that homeowners move-in to a new home and, since they don't have a monthly sewer bill, they forget they have a septic tank in their yard. But, without exception, their memory will return with the odors common to a problem system. A new homeowner must know the type of septic system serving their new home. There are three (3) basic types of septic systems:
- The conventional septic system
- The alternative septic system
- The experimental septic system
Conventional systems usually consist of a septic tank, an overflow pipe out to the yard, and some field line trenches (leach fields). This type of system will be fed by gravity (meaning it runs downhill). This is the most commonly forgotten system that will face a new homeowner. There are no "bells and whistles" to remind them that the system is there. Conventional septic systems are usually the least expensive to install, and are therefore the most common.
Alternative systems will usually consist of a septic tank, a dosing tank, a forcemain, and pressurized disposal trenches. The addition of a dosing tank and a pumping system have the disadvantage of more cost, but the pump will require that a septic tank alarm be added, so the homeowner will usually be alerted to a problem. Some states also require this type septic system be designed by a registered Professional Engineer (P.E.).
Experimental systems are the least common type of septic system. Usually site conditions are so poor on the property that a system meeting typical criteria is impossible to install. If this is a new home, it is probably best to look for another site to build upon. If it is an existing home, with a failing septic system, this is usually the final option for the homeowner. This is not a recommended solution, so be careful when purchasing a home on septic to ensure that it is not served by an experimental system. A "Restrictive Covenant" is usually placed on the property deed, and would be located during a typical deed search, if not disclosed by the property owner.
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