All you need to know about desktop power supplies
The power supply unit is the most vital component in the operation of a desktop computer. A desktop power supply unit supplies power to the other components in a computer, and converts alternating current (AC) from an electrical outlet to direct current (DC) which is needed by the computer. Power supplies can be inbuilt or external. External power supplies are crucial to the operation of virtually all small electronic devices. They convert high voltage AC to low voltage DC used to power electronic products, like MP3 players, PDAs, camcorders, digital cameras, mobile phones, IT equipment and laptops.
Power supplies are sold based on their wattage, which is their total power output. External desktop power supplies range from as low as 15W to as high as 220W. You need to find one that will power all the components connected to the system. It is important that the power supply can support the various voltage levels and the current supplied. For more advanced computers, with extra features and gadgets, you will need a more robust power supply unit. The power supply should be able to switch voltages and distribute it to all components required. Power supplies these days can provide various output voltage levels, from 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 18V, 24V and even 48V.
Desktop power supplies are available in various models such as switched-mode, linear, regulated and unregulated models. These can supply output voltage in single, dual or triple output models. A switched-mode power supply is a unit that incorporates a switching regulator in order to provide the required output voltage. Linear power supplies are much less efficient than switched-mode power supplies, and adjust the voltage to maintain a constant output voltage. A regulated power supply is a stable power supply that controls the output voltage to a specific value. An unregulated power supply is not subject to the control or authority of a voltage regulator, and the DC output voltage is dependent upon an internal voltage reduction transformer.
Power supplies can be designed to be lightweight and low profile for consumers as well as for industrial use. Good power supplies use surface mount technology and through-hole components, providing maximum efficiency and high reliability. A highly efficient power supply should have universal AC input, be self contained and hermetically sealed (airtight), have product safety certification (UL, CUL, TUV, CB and CE listings), and have a temperature range of -20oC to +85oC. Power supplies should also come with over voltage, over current, over load, short circuit and open circuit protection and thermal fuse protection. Features such as auto-recovery start up and LED indicators are also included in certain power supplies.
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