Progesterone and Cholesterol

LIPOPROTEIN EFFECTS OF SOY MILK AND PROGESTERONE FOR PREVENTION OF BONE-LOSS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC WOMEN: A 2 YEAR STUDYEva Lydeking-Olsen 1, Hans Meinertz 2, Karin Nilausen 3, Kenneth DR Setchell 4, Mia Damhus 1, Trine Holm Jensen 1. 1 Institute for Optimum Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2 Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3 The Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 4 Childrens Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinatti, Ohio, USA.Background: Although the protein component of soy beans has been extensively studied for its effects on plasma lipids when taken as a dietary complement, soy milk – a more complete soy bean product – has received very limited attention, and little is known about its long-term effects. Likewise, transdermal progesterone has not previously been evaluated for its lipoprotein effects.Aim: To evaluate the effect and tolerance of two years of soy milk consumption (400-500 ml daily) supplying 14-17.5 g dietary protein per day and of use of transdermal progesterone, 25 mg/day. Two soy milk preparations were used: A high-isoflavone product (100 mg isoflavones per day) and an isoflavone-free soy milk, prepared from alcohol-extracted soy protein in combination with other soy constituents. Two transdermal preparations were tested, one with and one without progesterone.Design: Hypercholesterolemic (plasma cholesterol, mean 254, range 170-387 mg/dl), postmenopausal (age, mean 58, range 41-75 years), Caucasian women were randomly assigned to one of four treatment arms: A) isoflavone-rich soy milk and transdermal progesterone placebo (soy and TDP-; n=22). B) transdermal progesterone plus isoflavone-free soy milk (TDP and soy-; n=21). C) Isoflavone-rich soy milk plus transdermal progesterone (soy and TDP ; n=21). D) isoflavone-free soy milk and transdermal progesterone placebo (soy- and TDP-; n=20).Fasting plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (following precipitation of apo-B-containing lipoproteins) were measured by enzymatic procedures on fresh samples at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months; LDL-cholesterol was calculated by the Friedewald formula.Results: Out of a total of 107 women who entered the study, 84 completed the two-year study.The randomisation was successful to the extent that baseline plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were insignificantly different between treatment groups; plasma triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol, however, showed significant variation between groups. A comparison of baseline and 2-year values showed that whereas isoflavone-free soy milk increased HDL-cholesterol significantly(8,p

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